Introduction to Raiding
Disclaimer: This guide is aimed at beginner-intermediate level raiders. The “rules” set out here will often have exceptions, but these exceptions will almost always apply to high-skill groups. In the interest of brevity, these have been omitted under the assumption that groups to which the exceptions would apply will already be aware of them.
Roles
When tackling raid encounters, one of the key ingredients to a successful kill is having an effective team composition. Like many RPGs, Guild Wars 2 features distinct roles similar to the “Holy Trinity”. However, Guild Wars 2 differs slightly in that it features a soft trinity of Damage, Support and Control. These map onto the traditional roles of DPS, Healing, and Tanking, but with some additional functions.
Damage
Deals damage. Damage (or DPS) is ultimately the most important, and focused role within a raid and the majority of actions of Support and Control players will be aimed at enabling the DPS players to do their job. The design of attributes in Guild Wars 2 is such that damage roles will focus on either power or condition damage. The two types differentiate themselves as follows (with some exceptions):
- Power - bursts damage in a short duration and hence suits fights with short phases. A few bosses also have low toughness, which strongly benefits power builds.
- Condition - takes some time to ramp up their damage, but deals more long-term and so are suited to fights with longer phases. Some condition builds apply
Confusion or 
Torment, which deal extra damage when the target activates skills or stands still. Builds that inflict these conditions are able to deal damage very quickly on suitable bosses.
The best DPS classes will vary from encounter to encounter and group to group, so there is a lot of variety within this role.
Support
Support comes in two main flavors - boon support and healing. These flavors are not mutually exclusive.
- Boon Support - provides boons to the squad.
- Healing - keeps the squad alive.
Support players are often tasked with handling mechanics in fights, as they typically have downtime in which they do not need to be healing or applying boons.
As will be discussed in this guide, some supports are significantly more effective than other options, so many groups will run the same core group of supports on most encounters.
Control
As a role, control usually manifests as the tank. It also refers to control effects (CC), and while this is rarely a dedicated role in itself it can inform the optimal builds fulfilling the other roles.
Tanking in raids is very binary - there will be a single requirement, and whichever player fulfils that requirement will be the tank. It is most common for the tank to be the player with the highest toughness stat, though other encounters have the tanking based on proximity, randomly assigned, use of specific Special Action Keys, or have no tank at all. It is extremely rare that control will be a role in itself, as will be explained below the functions of control are usually handled by Damage or Support players.
As such, the role of tank will usually be assigned to the most suitable class of those the squad has already taken to the encounter.
A kiter may be considered a sub-role of tank. Rather than control the boss’s aggro, they will typically be the target of a particular mechanic, though the exact requirements of the role vary greatly depending on the encounter.
Role Fundamentals
This section covers two fundamental goals that define how the previously described roles are best covered. While the two goals may seem contradictory, both must be considered when defining builds or compositions.
Role Specialization
One of the biggest stumbling blocks when moving from open world to raids is the need to unlearn much of what Guild Wars 2 teaches players while leveling: That classes are built to be self-sufficient, and able to perform all three roles at once.
Team-based game modes such as raids promote role specialization (particularly in DPS players), as focusing on one particular role will be much more effective than multiple players all trying to fill multiple roles.
Put clearly - a player on a damage role is there to deal damage. Sacrificing that damage to improve personal healing or survivability lowers the effectiveness of the entire group, as the lower the damage, the longer the boss will take to kill. The longer the boss is alive, the more mechanics will occur that have the chance to cause a wipe. With Guild Wars 2’s active defense there are practically no mechanics that cannot be avoided with skill, mitigated through encounter mechanics, or out-healed by healers.
Team members must be trusted to fulfill their roles, and not plan for failure by pre-emptively covering for others' mistakes. Adjusting a build to be less specialized should be a reaction to failure rather than in anticipation of it.
This is the reason why it is often recommended to run a “meta” build. These builds are optimized to perform their roles in the most effective ways possible. In cases where builds have options to fulfill other roles as well, this will have been chosen such that it has the minimum impact on their primary role, with the maximum gain of the supplementary role.
As previously stated, of the three roles damage is the most common to focus utterly on just one role.
Role Compression
Where damage is concerned, more is always better. With support, however, a build can provide more healing or boons than is necessary. Where this is the case, supports will often partially fill other roles, though their priority should always be the primary role.
A good approach to support builds (and team compositions in general) is: “As offensive as possible, as defensive as necessary”.
Tanking is almost always a “compressed” role. Many classes in Guild Wars 2 come with sufficient active defense to survive as tank (aided by healers) without the need to build for survivability at all, and so the tank role will be fulfilled by a damage or support (typically a support).
Group Requirements
Aside from the specific requirements required for each encounter, there are a number of common effects that groups should seek to provide on (nearly) every encounter.
Essential Boons
One of the key support aspects that every group should fulfill is providing certain essential boons. These boons are considered essential because of the huge damage increase each provides - if a class could provide just one of these boons to the group it would be worth taking instead of a DPS player even if it did literally nothing else. In practice though, most boon supports can provide multiple boons.
Might - Might provides a massive damage boost to both power and condition damage builds.
Quickness - Quickness speeds up (almost) all actions in the game, allowing players to get more skills into a smaller window of time. This is of huge benefit to all players.
Alacrity - Lowers the cooldown of all skills. Similar to quickness, this allows more skills to be activated within a smaller window of time and is of huge benefit to all players.
Fury - Increases the chance to critically hit by 25%. Almost every power build will require fury to reach 100% crit chance. In addition to the damage boost, many builds have on-crit effects that form part of their rotation and it is especially important to those builds. Even condition damage builds frequently have on-crit effects that make the boon very strong.
A note on boon strip
At the start of a raid encounter, support classes should begin providing their essential buffs as soon as possible. However, all boons will be removed from players shortly after the encounter begins (varies from encounter to encounter, but usually within three seconds). This means that players providing boons need to wait until after this boon strip occurs before they begin.
Additional Buffs
Non-essential boons
The above boons are essential for every damage class, and should always be provided. Some builds rely on additional boons, and these should be provided when you have such builds. Generally, some amount of these boons will be provided by the class in question, but the higher uptime the better.
Swiftness - Swiftness provides a damage boost to both power Weaver and Warriors using the Discipline traitline (both core and elite specializations).
Vigor - Vigor provides bonus condition damage to Mirage and increases the damage potential of both Daredevil and Mirage as their rotations involve frequent dodging.
Resolution - Power guardian builds (and elite specializations) gain multiple benefits from having Resolution.
Regeneration - Mesmer builds that use the Chaos traitline gain multiple benefits from having Regeneration.
Defensive Boons
In addition to the above boons, there are a few that can be very useful in the right situations. Aegis and Stability in particular are still somewhat rare, so their presence in a build can be very potent.
Aegis - Blocks a single incoming attack. Providing this to your subgroup allows them to ignore certain mechanics that might otherwise require a dodge, which can result in higher damage and/or less chance of death when used at the right time.
Protection - Reduces incoming strike damage by 33%. This is a massive boost to survivability that can easily make the difference between an attack one-shotting a player or not. Resolution works in a similar way against conditions, but the vast majority of damage will be strike damage.
Stability - Works similarly to Aegis in that it allows for the ignoring of some mechanics. While it doesn't prevent damage, you can have multiple stacks on you at once, preventing multiple incoming control effects.
Essential conditions
While many classes benefit from particular conditions being on the target, the only truly essential condition is 
Vulnerability. Many builds (particularly power) provide enough Vulnerability to keep it capped on a boss, but in the event Vulnerability is not capped some adjustments will be required.
Druids can provide very high vulnerability by replacing Skirmishing with Marksmanship, and using both the trait and a to repeatedly trigger .
Pulls/Cleave
An aspect of role assignment that is often underappreciated. Around half the raid encounters feature enemies or objects that will spawn near the group and can either cause serious damage to the squad or waste the squad’s time dealing with them. Depending on the encounter the simplest solution is to use skills that pull enemies into the boss where they will be quickly killed by the DPS, or skills that hit targets over a large area so that enemies or objects will be defeated without the need to take focus off the boss.
Numerous skills can fulfil this function, but two in particular are worth mentioning due to their potency:
- - A Chronomancer can take an offhand focus to access Temporal Curtain. The curtain itself can be placed at 900 range from the Chronomancer and activated a second time to pull up to five targets within 600 range to the centre of the curtain. Unlike other options, the pull is not restricted by line of sight, can pull to remote locations, and affects a larger AoE than most alternatives.
- - A condition necromancer can take Epidemic as one of their utilities. This is a low-cooldown skill (when traited) that can hit up to 5 targets within 900 range of a primary target, copying conditions to them. With sufficient conditions on the main target, this is enough to kill the majority of additional enemies, thus offering an incredible amount of cleave without ever needing the necromancer to take focus off attacking the boss.
While the above options are strong in their own right, they can also be supplemented by additional skills. The following are worth mentioning as they are taken by support classes that many groups will already have in the group.
- - Firebrand will normally take an axe for DPS or to provide Fury. This skill is a moderate 600 range pull on three targets.
- - A Ranger (typically a Druid) can take an offhand axe to gain this skill, which will pull three targets towards the player. The skill has a range of 1200 but will only pull targets 450 units as the axe returns, and is somewhat slow-moving.
While the above two skills are not strong on their own, they can be very effective when combined with Temporal Curtain - either by using them to pull foes closer after Temporal Curtain groups them up or by pulling additional foes that may have been missed by Temporal Curtain.
- - If the squad has a Condi Berserker, then their longbow burst skill is Scorched Earth - a large 1,200 range AoE that deals a large amount of burning and can be used very frequently while is active. The AoE is divided into 5 separate sections, each of which has its own target cap, so the skill could theoretically hit up to 25 targets. The best use of this skill is for the Berserker to line themselves up so that the boss is between them and the target(s) to be cleaved. Not only will this allow for effective long-range cleave, but hitting multiple targets will provide higher stacks of , making this a DPS increase!
Squad Composition
All these factors will combine to define the structure of a squad. The vast majority of boons affect five targets. So there will need to be at least two sources to cover every player.
The examples below cover the most common options (at the time of writing). Other options may also be viable, particularly in regards to Might and Fury.
Quickness
Each profession has one elite specialisation that is a reliable source of Quickness in the game - Berserker, Catalyst, Chronomancer, Deadeye, Firebrand, Harbinger, Herald, Scrapper and Untamed.
Berserker provides Quickness by hitting enemies with its Burst skills. This makes it highly dependent on staying inside berserk and vulnerable to disruptions that prevent it hitting stuff. The damage-focussed builds provide minimal boons outside of Quickness, though they can reliably deal impressive damage for a support. Heal-focussed builds rely heavily on the Staff weapon, limiting its viability for players who do not also own Secrets of the Obscure.
Catalyst provides a good range of boons by cycling through different elements. However, getting maximum value from them involves being able to stand in the same location as their fields for long durations, and the class's energy mechanic renders them vulnerable to mistakes.
Chronomancer brings a huge amount of unique utility such portals and a very potent pull, and is a very effective tank due to the high amount of active defense. Their Quickness generation relies on constant clone generation and shattering so the playstyle is very active, and they have poor boon coverage outside of Quickness.
Deadeye doesn't provide much in the way of boons, relying offering high damage for a support. Thief's unique initiative mechanic can feel quite spammy for some players, though deadeye's mark and stolen skills introduce a bit more structure than other builds.
Firebrand’s Quickness is limited to a narrow cone and a small AoE around the Firebrand, which can make them more susceptible to missing their allies if they position themselves poorly. However, they have a relatively simple rotation and also apply Quickness frequently and instantaneously, making them very reliable. Additionally, Firebrand's tomes offer a range of utility that is always available, allowing them to cover mechanics and mistakes easily.
Harbinger can provide lots of boons, but has to pick and choose which ones to focus on (or bring extra damage). Their blight mechanic and non-defensive shroud means that they are squisher than normal for a Necromancer. The need to enter shroud regularly makes the structure of the rotation quite strict.
Herald brings a huge amount of supplementary boons - including high Might generation, which is a rarity in Quickness supports - and can apply them over an absolutely massive area. Even better, they have access to Revenant legends such as Jalis that can provide near-permanent Stability or Ventari, that has a long-duration mobile projectile block. Finally, they can bring a staff in their off-set which gives access to - the most powerful CC in the game.
Scrapper leans into the combo system by providing AoE Quickness whenever they successfully use a leap or blast. It has a decent range of boon and utility options, but the real draw is its ability to provide near-permanent 
Superspeed to allies, greatly helping allies avoid danger and speeding up escort-style encounters.
Untamed is another build that only provides limited boons outside of Quickness, but makes up for it with damage. Untamed provides Quickness via its ambush skills, so its rotation is rather strict, though its pet provides a measure of reliably damage and can provide some degree of utility.
Alacrity
There are ten reliable sources of Alacrity in the game (mesmer has two) - Bladesworn, Chronomancer, Druid, Mechanist, Mirage, Renegade, Scourge, Specter, Tempest and Willbender. Unlike Quickness, you want to keep providing Alacrity during downtime in fights, to ensure that players can start the next phase with their cooldowns available. Several of these builds struggle to provide Alacrity when there isn't a target to hit, which limits their general usefulness.
Bladesworn provides a huge amount of Alacrity in a massive area whenever it uses Dragon Slash. This makes it great at providing this one boon, but it struggles to offer much else. Otherwise, it comes with the usual benefit and drawbacks of being a Bladesworn: having massive hits of damage, but needing to stand still and not get interrupted for several seconds to achieve this. Without a target, Bladesworn can struggle to build up flow, which can make it difficult to maintain Alacrity in downtime.
Chronomancer brings a huge amount of unique utility such portals and a very potent pull, and is a very effective tank due to the high amount of active defense. Their Alacrity generation relies on constant clone generation and shattering so the playstyle is very active, and they have poor boon coverage outside of Alacrity. This build is practically identical to the Quickness, only requiring a single trait change to provide the other boon. However, the Alacrity generation will suffer when lacking a target to summon clones on.
Druid is typically run as a healer, and brings a great variety of boons and can provide more healing at range than other options. It also has a good range of utility available, which has kept it as the top healer in raids since release.
Even when focussing on damage, Mechanist provides a small amount of incidental barrier, which can enable some groups to run with fewer healers. It also has access to some an on-demand source of Aegis and Stability (albeit on a long cooldown), which can make it very potent on the right encounters. As all Alacrity generation happens around the mech, the Mechanist can easily handle mechanics off-stack without worrying about dropping boons.
The utility of Mirage is limited, but it is also capable of maintaining permanent Might on the squad, and applies a significant amount of Confusion which makes it a strong DPS in its own right on certain bosses. The Alacrity generation will suffer when lacking a target to summon clones on.
Renegade has many of the same benefits as Herald, but otherwise deals low damage and provides few additional boons in comparison to other Alacrity options.
Scourge provides Alacrity whenever it applies barrier, offering rather effective defense even when built fully offensive. As a necromancer, it has a decent selection of utility, and can provide some of its boons at long range. Unfortunately, its reliance on shades and its strange variety of different AoE sizes can make it less reliable on encounters with lots of movement.
Specter has the option to provide a good amount of incidental barrier and can target specific allies to support them directly, which can be very helpful for tanks in particular. With , they can provide a good range of boons, and deal a good amount of damage while doing so. Specter's biggest draw is the ability to provide boons around their tethered target at 1200 range, making them able to handle mechanics without dropping boons.
Tempests bring a wide variety of boons even when on DPS variants, but the necessity to complete long overloads to provide Alacrity makes them struggle on encounters that may disrupt their rotation.
Willbender's Alacrity generation depends on constantly hitting the boss, making it less versatile than some other options. Additionally, its damage is dependent on maintaining high health and Aegis uptime, which can be unreliable on many fights.
Might and Fury
Given that two boon supports are already required in each subgroup, per the rule of role compression it makes sense that between them they also provide Might and Fury. With so many options it can be difficult to know how to cover everything - to that end, the table below covers the options along with the approximate Might and Protection they offer. Fury is not included because at the time of writing, there is no pairing of common supports that cannot provide 100%. The goal should be to pick a pair of supports that covers all four of the essential boons. Protection is included as it is relatively common, and always useful.
The table below shows the approximate boon uptimes each spec can provide in an ideal situation, colour-coded for convenience. In the case of Might, most DPS classes have some amount of self-generation so cases where the provision should be sufficient are indicated too - such as Specter Might.
The assumed boon duration is included to allow you to estimate how provision would increase as you take more boon duration. The presented values are for DPS alacrity builds (where applicable), but where the heal variant has entirely new sources of boons they have been given a separate row (as in the case of Firebrand and Mechanist). Other heal builds simply provide more of the stated boons, or are niche enough that they have been omitted in the interest of readability.
The final column shows details on which extra boons the build provides. The focus is kept on boons here, as attempting to include details on all the benefits a class might provide would quickly cause the size of the table to balloon. See the individual build pages for details like this.
Boon Table
| Quickness / Alacrity | Might | Protection | Assumed BD | Notes / Additional boons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berserker | Quickness | 16 | 0% | 0% | Click for more details
|
| Berserker (heal) | Quickness | 25 | 100% | 90% | Click for more details
|
| Bladesworn | Alacrity | 4 | 0% | 0% | Click for more details
|
| Bladesworn (heal) | Alacrity | 25 | 100% | 90% | Click for more details
|
| Catalyst | Quickness | 25 | 100% | 12% | Click for more details
|
| Chronomancer | Either | 7 | 0% | 0% | Click for more details
|
| Chronomancer (heal) | Either | 25 | 100% | 100% | Click for more details
|
| Deadeye | Quickness | 22 | 0% | 0% | Click for more details |
| Druid | Alacrity | 25 | 100% | 100% | Click for more details
|
| Firebrand | Quickness | 9 | 35% | 51% | Click for more details
|
| Firebrand (heal) | Quickness | 25 | 100% | 92% | Click for more details
|
| Harbinger | Quickness | 9 | 10% | 19% | Click for more details
|
| Herald | Quickness | 22 | 100% | 40% | Click for more details
|
| Mechanist | Alacrity | 22 | 30% | 35% | Click for more details
|
| Mechanist (heal) | Alacrity | 25 | 100% | 100% | Click for more details
|
| Mirage | Alacrity | 25 | 0% | 17% | Click for more details
|
| Renegade (condi) | Alacrity | 7 | 0% | 42% | Click for more details
|
| Renegade (power) | Alacrity | 0 | 50% | 42% | Click for more details
|
| Scourge | Alacrity | 14 | 60% | 15% | Click for more details
|
| Scrapper | Quickness | 23 | 0% | 22% | Click for more details
|
| Scrapper (heal) | Quickness | 25 | 100% | 100% | Click for more details
|
| Specter | Alacrity | 11 | 0% | 42% | Click for more details
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| Specter (heal) | Alacrity | 25 | 100% | 80% | Click for more details
|
| Tempest (condi) | Alacrity | 25 | 100% | 40% | Click for more details
|
| Tempest (power) | Alacrity | 10 | 40% | 28% | Click for more details
|
| Untamed | Quickness | 11 | 0% | 30% | Click for more details |
| Willbender | Alacrity | 24 | 0% | 15% | Click for more details
|
Healers
Depending on the boss, a squad may desire multiple healers. While groups should always be aiming to have as few healers as possible, as many as necessary should be taken.
Special mention must go to Scourge - while it has low healing, it has the strongest access to barrier in the game. Barrier effectively prevents the targets from taking damage and can even allow the group to survive some attacks that would otherwise instantly down players. Scourge also has access to , which will rapidly revive downed players near your location. This enables Scourge to save a group from situations that would otherwise be a wipe.
A note on reviving
It is important to note that reviving players from downed state is everyone’s responsibility - letting a player die because a DPS player won’t break their rotation will result in much lower DPS overall.
There are a few exceptions:
- If reviving the player would get other players killed.
- The tank should not revive as they will turn the boss towards the rest of the group, making matters worse.
- Healers are well suited to reviving as healing % modifiers affect the speed of reviving. However, in cases where there is only one healer, the loss of healing on the remaining players can easily lead to more people being downed. With multiple healers, this is less risky, but you should still avoid having all healers reviving.
Of course, everyone should still revive as a last resort if no-one else will.
A note on buff priority
Generally speaking, boons apply on the following priority: Subgroup -> Proximity. This means that a five-target buff will be applied to members of the subgroup within range, and if this is fewer than five, it will then be applied to the closest player regardless of subgroup. Similarly, if there are more than five targets within the subgroup in range, it will apply to the five closest players to the source of the boon.
Healing and condition cleansing is slightly different: a healing skill will not target a player that is at full health, nor will a condition cleanse target a player with no conditions (there are some exceptions, typically when the skill also provides a boon), and will instead apply to the highest priority target that can be healed. This means healing will “overflow” to other subgroups, though the healer’s subgroup will still receive more.
A note on stacking
There are very few abilities in Guild Wars 2 that target a specific character for boons or heals, most are instead applied in an AoE according to the priorities described above. This means that groups will “stack” near one another to ensure that supports can hit as many players as possible.
In general, melee weapons deal more damage than ranged options and so the result is that the stack will want to be in melee range where possible. Therefore, in the vast majority of encounters the tank will face the boss in one direction while everyone else stacks directly behind it. This also ensures that players take less damage, as attacks aimed at the tank usually cleave.
Because of this, the benefits of ranged weapons are somewhat minimized and even classes that are capable of dealing all their damage at range are still encouraged to be in melee.
Boon Support Pairings
As most heal builds can easily provide Might, groups that run two healers don't really need to worry too much about composition beyond the basics. On many encounters this is overkill, so the subgroup without a healer will need to make sure that there is a good pairing.
To restrict the options a bit, we will only look at pairings that provide good Protection uptime (or good barrier). This adds a safety net that will be useful for groups that are used to having two healers.
At the time of writing, there are few pairings of non-healers that provide full Might and Protection, so the pairings will also indicate Protection uptime.
Quickness Pairings
| Quickness | Alacrity | Protection Uptime |
|---|---|---|
| Anything | Tempest (condi) | 100% |
| Catalyst/Herald | Anything | 100% |
| Berserker / Deadeye / Firebrand /Harbinger / Scrapper / Untamed | Scourge | 60-95% |
| Firebrand | Mechanist | 65% |
Alacrity Pairings
| Alacrity | Quickness | Protection Uptime |
|---|---|---|
| Anything | Catalyst, Herald | 100% |
| Tempest (condi) | Anything | 100% |
| Mechanist | Firebrand | 65% |
| Scourge / Specter | Anything, if the Scourge/Specter brings extra Might and/or relies on Barrier to cover the Protection shortfall | ??? |
The tables above should suffice in the majority of cases, but there are a few classes that require specific boons to function optimally, creating further considerations:
Mesmers running the Chaos traitline require high Regeneration uptime. Most healers are capable of providing this to at least their own subgroup, but in the case of single-healer setups they should be placed in the same subgroup as the healer. Heralds and Mechanists using Mace also provide a good amount of Regeneration.
Next, Dragonhunters require high Resolution uptime, which is best provided by other Guardians using greatswords. Hence Dragonhunters should usually be placed together or split evenly between the two subgroups if there are too many. Firebrands and power Renegades also provide a lot.
Scrappers and hammer Spellbreakers benefit from Stability. Though this is typically only used on-demand, Alacrity Mechanists and Specters, and Quickness Warriors generate some passively.
Weavers and Warriors running Discipline - Both of these classes get a significant damage buff from Swiftness. Most healers can provide it, as can Catalysts, Heralds, Specters and Tempest.
Finally, Vindicators, Daredevils and Mirage all want Vigor. This is typically provided by healers, but can also come from Mechanists using mace, Specters and other Vindicators.
Simple Raid Builds
For a selection of recommended builds for beginners check out:
Recommended builds for those new to raiding
For our complete list of builds, see the Raid Builds Page.
Raid Guides
Hopefully this guide has provided an understanding of the considerations that go into forming a raid team. Both this and the guides below aim to be written in such a way as to be relevant irrespective of the current balance. They provide details on the roles that are required for each encounter and together with this guide should be enough to build compositions for each encounter that work for your group.
Guides for Vale Guardian, Spirit Woods, Gorseval the Multifarious, and Sabetha the Saboteur
Guides for Slothasor, Bandit Trio, and Matthias Gabrel
Guides for Siege the Stronghold, Keep Construct, Twisted Castle, and Xera
Guides for Cairn the Indomitable, Mursaat Overseer, Samarog, and Deimos
Guides for Soulless Horror, River of Souls, Statues of Grenth, and The Voice in the Void
Guides for Conjured Amalgamate, Twin Largos, and Qadim
Guides for Cardinal Sabir, Cardinal Adina, and Qadim the Peerless
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